Epilepsy sleep monitor7/31/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Most of these require the surgeon to create an opening in the skull to place the electrodes around the suspected seizure focus. When necessary, there are other types of electrodes that can be placed inside the skull or even inside the brain to record seizures. Phase II Video-EEG Monitoring with Stereo-EEG, Subdural Strips, Grids and Other Electrodes EEG data from these electrodes provide far greater detail compared to scalp recordings in identifying EEG signals from certain types of temporal lobe seizures.Īfter placement of FOEs, the patient is transferred to the EMU where noninvasive scalp electrodes are also placed, and the video-EEG monitoring begins. FOEs do not pierce the brain, but lie next to important structures like the hippocampus. UC San Diego epilepsy surgeons have one of the largest experiences in the United States in placing foramen ovale electrodes. They are considered minimally invasive because the surgeon does not need to make any opening in the skull to insert the electrodes. These electrodes are named after a natural hole in the skull base through which our epilepsy surgeons place them. One type of phase II video-EEG involves the placement of foramen ovale electrodes (FOE). When noninvasive scalp electrodes do not identify the seizure focus with enough detail, phase 2 video-EEG studies may be recommended. Phase II Video-EEG Monitoring with Minimally Invasive Electrodes Referring physicians will receive a report of the detailed findings from the video-EEG monitoring. Epileptologists review the EEG daily to look for “silent” seizures that may have gone unnoticed during the prior 24 hours, including sleep. ![]() A trained technician or nurse is present at all times to observe the patient on closed-circuit video.Īs soon as a seizure is observed to start, the patient, the companion or the seizure technician may press an alarm to signal nursing staff to come to assess and assist the patient. We encourage patients to have a friend or family member with them in the EMU to keep them company and to help identify events that could be seizures. The average length of hospitalization in the EMU is 3-5 days, but many patients are asked to stay longer to record a good sample of seizures. If seizures become too long, strong or frequent, medication is given via IV to treat seizures quickly. A special team of professionals works closely with patients during their stay in the EMU and the hospital setting provides for maximal patient safety. In addition, patients are not permitted to leave the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) during the evaluation except for emergencies.īecause of tapering medication and sleep reduction, seizures may be more frequent or stronger than usual. Patients are recorded day and night with a continuous video camera, except when in the bathroom, in order to analyze any seizure activity. Noninvasive EEG electrodes are applied to the scalp and an IV is started to allow for quick treatment if necessary. Most patients respond to a gentle tapering of their regular seizure medications combined with sleep reduction. We are interested in recording natural seizures we do not give agents to induce seizures. The seizures are evaluated in a hospital setting under conditions of maximal patient safety. We often try to record 3 to 5 seizure examples to determine their type and location. Specifically, the EMU enables us to analyze the electrical and behavioral components of each seizure in order to verify a patient’s diagnosis and improve his or her treatment plan.Įvery evaluation is tailored to the patient’s individual history. We do this to determine the type of seizure, site of onset, and frequency of seizures. The Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) at UC San Diego Health Epilepsy Center is a state-of-the-art seizure evaluation center.Īt the EMU, patients’ seizures are evaluated through continuous video and EEG recording in a hospital setting. Video-EEG monitoring is critical to determining if surgery could be an effective treatment for those whose seizures are not controlled with medical therapy. ![]()
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